SIP Registration Forwarding
SIP Registration forwarding overview
ProSBC/FreeSBC registration forwarding feature allows controlling the registration requests flow between SIP User Agents and registrars.
- It allows adaptation of SIP register messages between SIP User Agents and registrars.
- It allows adaptation of SIP Subscribe/Publish/Notify forwarding messages between SIP User Agents and registrars.
- It keeps the information about SIP User Agent contacts to allow routing of SIP calls base on registration information.
Forwarding Modes
- ProSBC/FreeSBC always modifies the contact URI in SIP register requests to remain on the path between SIP User Agents and registrars.
- ProSBC/FreeSBC supports two different SIP registration forwarding modes (i.e. "Contact Remapping" or "Contact Passthrough").
- The "Contact Passthrough" forwarding mode makes the contact username portion of the Contact URI in SIP register requests to pass through unchanged.
- The "Contact Remapping" forwarding mode modifies the contact username portion of the Contact URI in SIP register requests and make it unique.
Registrar Selection Mode (registration redundancy)
- ProSBC/FreeSBC supports Active/Standby registrar selection mode. Users' registration requests are forwarded to the available registrar with the highest priority.
Protection
- ProSBC/FreeSBC protects the registrar(s) against excessive SIP User Agents register requests using different strategies (i.e. Firewall, Rate Adaptation, SIP Header Manipulation, Etc.).
Contact remapping
When forwarding a SIP Register message from a user to the registrar, ProSBC/FreeSBC will remap the contact to make itself the contact. This way, the Registrar will send response messages through ProSBC/FreeSBC, and thus make sure to "hide" private network topology from users (avoid messages being sent directly from registrar to users).
Because the contact's domain is being remapped, ProSBC/FreeSBC will also remap the contact's user name to make sure there is not user name conflict between two domains that would have the same user name.
NAT traversal
- ProSBC/FreeSBC handles SIP Calls NAT traversal to allow interaction between SIP User Agents from public and private networks.
- SBC detects the actual IP from which users have registered, so response messages and SIP Invite requests can be forwarded properly, even in case users are unaware that they are behind a NAT
- It supports SIP register requests "Rate Adaptation" between SIP User Agents and registrar.
- Because refreshing requests are not always sent to the registrar, the "Rate adaptation" feature reduces SIP register requests sent to the registrar. The "Rate Adaptation" feature is also useful to keep firewall ports open.
Polling registered users
Since SIP User Agents may be behind firewalls, it may be necessary to force a quick polling of the registered phone to make sure the port forwarding for the SIP calls stay active.
To do so, you can use the configuration Poll Registered Users and select the Registered Users Polling Interval.
This interval must be lower than the Firewall's timeouts. Since this may be difficult to find, our experience shows that a polling interval of 30 seconds will work in all cases we have seen.
SIP Calls routing per registered user
- ProSBC/FreeSBC keeps SIP User Agents' contacts information. This information serves on SIP calls routing when a SIP User Agent is trying to reach a registered user. It could be used also to accept calls from registered users only.
Registered users and routing scripts
Registered users can be reached by creating static routes without a specific "outbound NAP". These routes, instead of forwarding calls to a specific NAP, will dynamically choose the outbound NAP by matching the target registered user.
When a user has registered multiple contacts (devices), they will be called one by one in a Route retry manner.
ProSBC/FreeSBC routes can also be organized so calls always go through the Registrar/PBX before being forwarded to the called user.
Example:
In this example, there are 2 routes:
- ROUTE_FROM_OPEN_NAP will match all incoming calls received from NAP_OPEN, and forward them to NAP_PBX
- ROUTE_FROM_PBX will match all incoming calls received from NAP_PBX, and forward them by the registered user (will forward to whatever NAP the target user has registered from)
Here, if "alice" calls "bob" from NAP_OPEN, the call will be forwarded to the PBX. Then the PBX may route back the call to the SBC, which will then forward to "bob" on NAP_OPEN. In other words, all calls from NAP_OPEN will go through the PBX.
In this example, the routes are exclusive (only one will match for a given incoming call). But there could be multiple matching routes. In this case, routes will be ordered by priority (whether they route by registered user, or to a specific outbound NAP).
Configuration
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